CANARINA:
DESCAR:
Pycnocline or thermocline
Density and thermal stratification: The intense heating caused by sunlight results in the formation of a light, warmer layer of water floating on top of a much larger mass of cold, dense water. Where these two bodies of dense water meet there is a zone of rapid change in the water temperature, called the thermocline or picnocline. Such a thermocline is a permanent feature of both tropical and temperature waters. When the surface water of temperature seas is warmed in the summer a further seasonal thermocline can develop much closer to the surface. This is much stronger feature than the permanent thermocline in temperature waters. This thermocline plays an important role in determining seasonal changes in marine primary production in temperature seas. Thermal stratification represents a physical barrier to the mixing of the water column. There is little or no exchange of nutrient through a thermocline.
The stratification phenomena is the existence of two homogeneous water layers and separated by a thin thermocline layer. In such a case, we can say that the water is stratified. There is no exchange of pollutants through this picnocline layer.
Example:
Calculation in both XY-plane (parallel to water surface) and XZ-plane (perpendicular to water surface). The fucshia square represents a point source (position of the outfall pipe). The red colour represents high pollutant concentrations. The effluent flow rate is 0,15 m^3/s, the current velocity is 0,04 m/s and the current angle is 45 (NE). The Stratified model has been used in the calculation. The fucshia square represents the vertical discharge source (outfall locations). We have a three-dimensional image of the pollutant plume with these two computer screens.
BOD pollution map produced by continuous discharge in this region. The stratified model has been used. Top: the orange horizontal line indicates us the position of the XZ-Plane. Bottom: the orange horizontal line indicates us the position of the XY-Plane and the blue horizontal line indicates us the position of the water surface plane. The fucshia square represents a point source (position of the outfall pipe). The red colour represents high pollutant concentrations. The violet horizontal line (bottom) indicates us the position of the pycnocline (or thermocline) layer plane. We can see that there is no exchange of pollutants through the pycnocline layer.
Canarina Algoritmos Numéricos, S.L.
Environmental software · environmental software solutions
Canary Islands, Spain
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European Union · network on Pollution
Member of MAPO: European network on Marine Pollution.
Project funded by the European Commission
through the 6th Framework Programme for Research and Development
DESCAR - Solutions - Advantages - Price - Data I - Data II - Average - Import - Graphs I - Graphs II - Commands - Algorithms I - Algorithms II - Algorithms III - Algorithms IV - Algorithms V - Algorithms VI - Algorithms VII - Pollutants I - Pollutants II - The sea I - The sea II - Pycnocline - Google maps - GIS
DESCAR software solutions: This application has been used in great number of environmental reports, courses and water pollution studies in the last years. We currently have users in more than 10 countries. Water pollution reports in UK:
Dorset -
Sargasso sea pollution - pollution and sea life -Nottinghamshire -
animals pollution -Leicestershire -
sea pollution act - pictures of sea pollution -Worcestershire -
sea pollution - pollution in the north sea -Surrey -
temperature pollution - sea environmental and pacific pollution - health pollution -Buckinghamshire -
ecology pollution - shrimp pollution - algae pollution -Aberdeen - sea report - sea conservation - fresh water and sea -
Armagh - sea life and lake pollution - sea water quality - sea ecosystems -
Bangor - biology pollution - fisheries pollution - sea organisms -
Bath - water quality pollution - pollution problems - sea species -
Belfast - sea contamination - atlantic pollution - rivers pollution -
Birmingham - air pollution - salinity pollution - ship pollution -
Bradford - facts pollution - ecosystems pollution - drinking water pollution -
Brighton & Hove - sea management and sea temperature - sea sewage and sea river - report pollution -
Bristol - sea problems and effect of pollution - map pollution - invertebrates pollution -
Cambridge - sea effects and sea ecology - plants pollution - ships pollution -
Nottingham - oil pollution at sea - oil pollution in the sea - effects of sea pollution -
Oxford - aral sea pollution - red sea pollution - ocean and sea pollution -
Peterborough - caspian sea pollution - causes of sea pollution - sea pollution facts -
Plymouth - black sea pollution - mediterranean sea pollution - baltic sea pollution -
Portsmouth - pollution in the baltic sea - sea pollution causes - water pollution in the sea
Preston - oil pollution in sea - types of sea pollution - national plan to combat pollution of the sea by oil -
Ripon - sea life pollution - pollution in sea water - the sea pollution -
Salford - convention for the protection of the mediterranean sea against pollution - prevent sea pollution - deep sea pollution -
Salisbury - oil pollution of the sea - irish sea pollution - sea pollution effects -
Sheffield - irrigation pollution - aquatic pollution - coastal pollution -
St Albans - river pollution - groundwater pollution - biodiversity pollution -
St David's - ground pollution - human pollution - sharks pollution -
Stirling - plankton pollution - fresh water pollution - natural pollution -
Stoke-on-Trent - sea habitats - coral pollution - types pollution -
Sunderland - coral reef pollution - underwater pollution - oceans pollution -
Swansea - environmental pollution - sea plants - sea habitat -
Truro - marine pollution - jellyfish pollution - sea soil -
Wakefield - sea animals - freshwater pollution - environment pollution -
Wells - international prevention of pollution of the sea - prevention of pollution of the sea by oil - sea pollutants - fish pollution -
Westminster - sea pollution prevention - national plan to combat pollution of the sea - sea pollution control -
Winchester - sea pollution images - sea pollution statistics - pollution of sea water -
Sunderland - waste discharge - sewage report - sewage treatment -
Swansea - sewer discharge - sewage flow - oil discharge -
Truro - sewage quality - well discharge - sewage septic tank -
Wakefield - stormwater discharge - drainage discharge - municipal sewage -
Wells - sewer sewage - sewage lake - epa discharge -
Westminster - sewage water discharge - sewage effluent discharge -
Winchester - sewage treatment plant discharge - sewage discharge permit - boat sewage discharge -
Wolverhampton - discharge of sewage - sewage discharge pump - discharge of raw sewage -
Worcester - raw sewage discharge - sewage discharge standards - sewage discharge regulations -
York - discharge pump - sewage disposal - sewage waste water -
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